.1.3在电力系统事故或紧急情况下，大中型光伏电站应根据电力调度部门的指令快速控制其输出的 有功功率，必要时可通过安全自动装置快速自动降低光伏电站有功功率或切除光伏电站：此时光伏电站 有功功率变化可超出规定的有功功率变化最大限值。事故处理完毕，电力系统恢复正常运行状态后，光 犬电站应按照电力调度部门指令依次并网运行。 a） 电力系统事故或特殊运行方式下要求降低光伏电站有功功率，以防止输电设备过载，确保电力 系统稳定运行。 b） 当电力系统频率高于50.2Hz时，按照电力系统调度部门指令降低光伏电站有功功率，严重情 况下切除整个光伏电站。 c）在电力系统紧急情况下，若光伏电站的运行危及电力系统安全稳定，电力调度部门应暂时切除 光伏电站。

6.2.1光伏电站的无功功率和电压调节的方式包括调节逆变器无功功率、调节无功补偿设备投入量、 调整光伏电站升压变压器的变比等。光伏电站宜充分利用逆变器的无功调节能力进行无功功率和电压调

6.2.2大中型光伏电站无功功率和电压调节要

a）大中型光伏电站应配置无功电压控制系统，具备无功功率及电压控制能力。根据电力调度部门 指令，光伏电站自动调节其发出（或吸收）的无功功率，控制光伏电站并网点电压在正常运行 范围内，其调节速度和控制精度应能满足电力系统电压调节的要求。 b）对于专线接入公用电网的大中型光伏电站，其配置的容性无功容量能够补偿光伏电站满发时站 内汇集系统、主变压器的全部感性无功及光伏电站送出线路的一半感性无功之和：其配置的感 性无功容量能够补偿光伏电站送出线路的一半充电无功功率。 C 对于T接于公用电网和接入用户内部电网的大中型光伏电站应根据项目工程的特点，结合电网 实际情况论证其配置无功装置类型及容量范围。 d 对于通过汇集系统升压至500kV（或750kV）电压等级接入公用电网的大中型光伏电站，其配 置的容性无功容量能够补偿光伏电站满发时站内汇集系统、主变压器的感性无功及光伏电站送 出线路的全部感性无功之和，其配置的感性无功容量能够补偿光伏电站送出线路的全部充电无 功功率。 3小型光伏电站可不具备无功功率和电压调节能力，其输出有功功率大于其额定功率的50%时， 因数应不小于0.98（超前或滞后），输出有功功率在20%～50%之间时，功率因数应不小于0.95（超

行业分类标准7.2频率异常时的响应特性

7.2.1对于小型光伏电站，当光伏电站并网点频率超过49.5Hz～50.2Hz范围时，应在0.2s内停止向电 网线路送电。 7.2.2大中型光伏电站应具备一定的耐受系统频率异常的能力，应能够在表3所示电网频率偏离下运 行。

大中型光伏电站在电网频率异常时的运行时间票

光伏电站应配置相应的安全保护装置。光伏电站的保护应符合可靠性、选择性、灵敏性和速动性的 要求，与电网的保护相匹配。光伏电站应在光伏电站并网点内侧设置易于操作、可闭锁、且具有明显断 开点的并网总断路器。

光伏电站应具备一定的过电流能力，在120%倍额定电流以下，光伏电站连续可靠工作时间应不小 于1min。

8.2.1对于小型光伏电站，应具备快速监测孤岛且立即断开与电网连接的能力。 8.2.2对于大中型光伏电站，公用电网继电保护装置必须保障公用电网故障时切除光伏电站，光伏电 站可不设置防孤岛保护。其中接入用户内部电网的中型光伏电站的防孤岛保护能力由电力调度部门确 定

当光伏电站设计为不可逆并网方式 向功率保护设备。当检测到向电流超过额定输出 的5%时，光伏电站应在0.5s~2s内停止向电网线路送电。

电网发生扰动后，在电网电压和频率恢复正常范围之前光伏电站不允许并网，且在电网电压和频率 恢复正常后，小型光伏电站应经过一个可调的延时时间后才能重新并网，延时时间一般为20s到5min， 具体延时时间按照光伏电站容量大小和接入方式、并结合分批并网原则由电力调度部门确定：大中型光 伏电站应按电力调度部门指令执行，不可自行并网，

8.5继电保护及安全自动装置

反事故措施的要求。一般情况下，专线接入公用电网的光伏电站宜配置光纤电流差动保护。 8.5.2接入220kV及以上电压等级的大型光伏电站应装设同步相量测量单元（PMU)，为光伏电站的 安全监控与电力调度部门提供统一时标下的光伏电站暂态过程中的电压、相角、功率等关键参数的变化 曲线。 8.5.3大型光伏电站应装设专用故障录波装置。故障录波装置应记录故障前10s到故障后60s的情况 并能够与电力调度部门进行数据传输，

光伏电站应具有适当的抗电磁干扰的能力，应保证信号传输不受电磁干扰，执行部件不发生误动作。 同时，设备本身产生的电磁于扰不应超过相关设备标准。

当光伏电站并网点的电压波动和闪变值满足GB/T12326、谐波值满足GB/T14549、三相电压不平 衡度满足GB/T15543、间谐波含有率满足GB/T24337的要求时，光伏电站应能正常运行。

对于小型光伏电站，连接光伏电站和电网的专用低压开关柜应有醒目标识。标识应标明“警告”、“双 电源”等提示性文字和符号。标识的形状、颜色、尺寸和高度参照GB2894和GB16179执行

0.1光伏电站接入电网前，应明确上网电量和用网电量计量点。每个计量点均应装设电能计量装置， 其设备配置和技术要求符合DL/T448的要求。 0.2电能表采用静止式多功能电能表，技术性能符合GB/T17883和DL/T614的要求。电能表至少应 具备双向有功和四象限无功计量功能、事件记录功能，配有标准通信接口，具备本地通信和通过电能信 息采集终端远程通信的功能。电能表通信协议符合DL/T645，采集信息应接入电力系统电能信息采集系 统。 0.3大中型光伏电站的同一计量点应安装同型号、同规格、准确度相同的主、副电能表各一套。主、 副表应有明确标志。

大中型光伏电站与电力调度部门之间的通信方式、传输通道和信息传输由电力调度部门 包括提供遥测信号、遥信信号、遥控信号、遥调信号以及其他安全自动装置的信号，提供信号 实时性要求等。

[1. 2正常运行信号

在正常运行情况下，光伏电站向电力调度部门或其他运行管理部门提供的信号至少应包括： ）光伏电站并网状态、辐照度、环境温度 b）光伏电站有功和无功输出、发电量、功率因数： C）光伏电站并网点的电压和频率、注入电网的电流：

12.1.1光伏电站接入电网的测试点为光伏电站并网点，应由具备相应资质的单位或部门进行测试，并 在测试前将测试方案报所接入电网企业备案。 12.1.2光伏电站应在并网运行后6个月内向电网企业提供有关光伏电站运行特征的测试报告，以表明 光伏电站满足接入电网的相关规定。 12.1.3当光伏电站更换逆变器或变压器等主要设备时，应重新提交测试报告

测试应按照相关标准或规定进行，包括但不仅限于以下内容： 电能质量测试： 有功输出特性（有功输出与辐照度的关系特性）测试： 有功和无功控制特性测试： d） 电压与频率异常时的响应特性测试： e) 安全与保护功能测试： f) 通用技术条件测试。

ICS 29.240

国家电网公司企业标准 EnterprisestandardofStateGridCorporationofChina

Issued on May 6.201]

光伏电站接入电网技术规定

mplemented on May6,201]

IssuedbyStateGridCorporationofChina

This standard isformulated accordingto“Notification abouttransmitting technical standarc ormulating(revising)plan of State Grid Corporation of China2010"(Guo JiaDian WangKe (2010)320)ofStateGridCorporationofChina

Intheformulatingprocessofthisstandard,thedevelopmentfeaturesofphotovoltaicpower station in China and the present situation of domestic and foreign photovoltaic power station connected to power grid are amply taken into consideration, relevant standard and literature of nternational and foreign standardization organizations including IEC and IEEE are referenced, and the idea of equipment manufacturer, power generation enterprises and design consultation organizationsareamplysolicited

DeveiopmentmasterminddepartmentofState esponsiblefor interpretation of this standard

This standard is under jurisdiction by science and technology department of State Grid CorporationofChina

Drafting units of this standard: State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, China Electric powerResearchInstitute

Main draftsmen (draftswomen)of this standard:LvHongshui,QiXu,ZhuLingzhi,Zhang Junjun, Liu Chun, Chen Mei, Feng Wei, Wang Weisheng, He Guoqing,Ju Rongrong, Shi Tao, Shi Wenhui

Technicalstipulationsonphotovoltaicpowerstationconnected

to power grid

Thisstandardstipulatesthegeneralprincipleandtechnicalrequirementstobeobservedb operation ofphotovoltaic powerstation connected topowergrid.

2Normative references

The following documents are indispensible for the application of this standard. For dated references, the dated editions are applicable to this standard. For undated references, the latest edition (including all modifications) shall be applicable to this standard.

GB2894Safety signs

3Terminology and definition

Photovoltaic(PV)powerstation

Itmeansthepowergenerationsystemthatutilizesthephotovoltaiceffectofsolarbattery,so as to directly convert solar radiation energy into electric energy,and it generally includes transformer, inverter, relevant balanced system parts (BOS) and solar battery matrix, etc.

The photovoltaic power station that is directly or indirectly connected to public power grid foroperation

The active power from the input of photovoltaic power station to the POl of photovoltaic powerstation

The reactive power from the input of photovoltaic power station to the POI of photovoltaid powerstation.

Active power change

power station within a certain time interval (this standard stipulates the active power change within lmin and 10Omin),

Low voltage ride through

When any accident or perturbation in electric power system causes the voltagefall of POI of photovoltaic power station, within certain scope of voltage fall and time interval, the photovoltaic powerstation canguaranteecontinuous operationwithoutdropout.

Unintentionalislanding

Unplanned and uncontrolled occurrence of islandi

Intentional islanding

Intentional islanding

Planned occurrence of islanding according to the control strategy that is configured in advance.

4 General principle

power grid, it can station

4.2 Mode of switching in

Theconnectionmodeofphotovoltaicpowerstationconnectedtopublicpowergridcanbe divided into three kinds: connection to public power grid through special line, connection to public power grid by T connection and connection to public power grid through internal power grid of user.

4.3Capacity of switching in

5Powerquality

5.1 General requirements

5.1.1For the power quality provided byphotovoltaic power station to local AC load and that transmitted by it to power grid, it shall meet the requirements of GB/T14549, GB/T24337 GB/T12325.GB/T12326.GB/T15543andGB/T15543in harmonic.voltagedeviationand

voltage fluctuation as well as flicker and voltage unbalance degree, etc

voltage fluctuation as well as flicker and voltage unbalance degree, et

5.2 Harmonic

5.2.1TheharmonicinjectioncurrentofthePCCtowhichthephotovoltaicpowerstationshall meet the requirements of GB/T14549, for the permissible value of harmonic current injected by photovoltaic power station to power grid, it shall be allocated by the ratio of installed capacity of photovoltaicpower station andthetotal capacityof powergeneration/power supply equipment withharmonicsourceon itsPCC

power station is connected and the harmonic voltage containing rate between orders caused by single photovoltaic power station shall meet the requirements of GB/T24337.

5.3Voltage deviation

5.4 Voltage fluctuation and flicker

The voltage fluctuation and flicker of the PCC to which the photovoltaic power station is connected shall meet the requirements of GB/T12326, among them, the flicker value caused by photovoltaic power station shall be allocated by the ratio between the installed capacity of photovoltaic power station and thetotal capacityof interference source onPCC.

5.5Voltage unbalancedegree

ThevoltageunbalancedegreeofPCCtowhichthephotovoltaicpowerstationisconnected and the voltage unbalance degree caused by the photovoltaic power station shall meet the requirements of GB/T15543,among them, the permissiblevalue of voltage unbalance degree causedbyphotovoltaicpower station shall beconverted bytheprincipleof GB/T15543.

6Power and voltage

6.1Activepower

6.1.2The activepower changeof photovoltaicpower stationincludes the activepower change within 1Omin and the active power change withinI min.The active power change of photovoltaic power station shall meet the requirements for safeand stableoperationof electricpowersystem. Refer toTable1formaximum limit value of activepower change of photovoltaicpower station, and that requirement shall also apply to normal starting and stopping of photovoltaic power station

umlimitvalueofactivepowerchangeofphotove

试验、检测与鉴定a) In case of accident of electric power system or under special operation mode, it is required todecreasetheactivepowerofphotovoltaicpowerstation,soastopreventoverloadofpower transmissionequipmentand ensurestableoperationof theelectricpowersystem

b) When the frequency of electric power system is higher than 50.2Hz, the active power of photovoltaic power station shall belowered according to the instruction from the dispatch lepartmentof electricpower system,and theentirephotovoltaicpower stationcanbecut off when serious.

c)Under emergency circumstance of the electric power system,if the operation of ohotovoltaicpowerstationendangersthesafetyandstabilityofelectricpowersystem,theelectric powerdispatchdepartment shall temporarilycutoffthephotovoltaicpowerstation

6.2Reactivepower andvoltage

range of the reactive device configured with it shall be demonstrated

bonse characteristics when power grid is abnorm?

装修设计教程Note: Because of its integral attribute, the inverter is required to be fully broken from power grid only at the time of repair or maintenance, at the time of maintenance of inverter, full oreaking from power grid can be realized through a power grid AC opening switch. The control circuit shall keep to be connected with the power grid in all other time, whatsoever the inverter is transmitting photovoltaic energy to the power grid or not, so as to monitor the status of power grid. The wording of “stopping sending to the line of power grid” is universally use in this stipulation.

Table2Responserequirementsforphotovoltaicpowerstationwhenvoltageofpowergridis abnormal